World War II and the Holocaust Essay Example for Free

World War II and the Holocaust Essay History would attest that Adolf Hitler is arguably the most influential figure of modern history. Although his persona is filled with notoriety and his legacy is mixed with greatness and disgust, he remains to be an undeniable impetus for the shaping of the world that we know today. He had his dreams of eternal glory, yet his he ended in perpetual shame. The man that has sent the entire globe into a war that brought the world into seven years of hell would always be Hitler. He has enticed an entire nation through his oratory and his speeches and has renewed the human understanding of human atrocity and racial genocide. He has shaped most of the modern day political and international landscape, in terms of foreign policy, racial discrimination, and Zionism. The world that we know today is mainly a product of the scientific advances brought by the demands of the Second World War, the organized extermination of races, and the heroic actions of those who did not allow for evil to prevail (Bullock, 3-12). Having Alois Hitler and Klara Hitler as parents, Adolf was born on the 20th of April in the year 1889 in a small town in Austria called Branau. His early life was filled with poverty and hardships. He became a lowly painter, a military corporal, and even a peddler with a flophouse for shelter. This was a time when he harboured his deep hatred for the Jewish race. This racial dissent has made him infamous for materializing his ruthless intentions of planning an organized mechanism on the elimination of Jews in his entire sphere of influence, and eventually, the world (Bullock 3). Hitler has left an inedible imprint in the European History and even the Worlds Modern History. Despite the fact that Hitler has never been previously engaged in any government position, he became Germanys chancellor and rose to power at the age of 43 in the year 1933. He did not possess formal education on any kind of foreign language and neither did he read intensively nor travelled extensively. Despite this, he managed to create a set of ideas that concern issues regarding foreign policy that were incorporated with his perceptions towards local and domestic affairs (Weinberg 30). Hitler’s rise to power and his capacity for evil are both astonishing. Everything about him was not extraordinary. He had a poor physique and an unimpressive appearance. Even in his execution of salutations was regarded sloppy. He was an Austrian citizen by birth, not German, which should have made the German people regard him as inferior. He was not scholastically impressive and neither did his artistic aspirations flourish. Such an existence laid the seeds of his intolerance, and his hatred of Jews and the prosperous middle classes. He was basically a failure and he only sought comfort through his withdrawal into the surreal world of fanaticism (Warner 9). On the death of Hindenburg in August of 1934, Hitler became both President and Chancellor of Germany. This allowed him to gain full command of the country’s armed forces. This is very crucial in his plans towards another world war. Every serving officer and man now took an oath of allegiance to Hitler personally. Their loyalties no longer lie in the country alone, but to Hitler himself. They vowed to adore and worship their leader and to fight and die protecting him. When, later his actions demonstrated his lack of enough sanity, but their act of pledging their allegiance to Hitler kept them from resorting to actions that would depose Hitler. This is a tremendous factor in enabling the army to fight to their death, long after the war was lost, and Germany had been invaded and overrun. Officers and men had sworn an oath to Hitler as long as they live and would never cease to follow his order and fight for him (Warner 14). A tremendous part of the impact that Hitler had towards Germany, and therefore the world, is primarily due to his strong will and how it affected the German public. He was remarkably successful in impressing his concepts and his ideas on the events that transpired instead of simply allowing these events to alter his own ideas and perception. The realities of those times were not exactly in conformation to Hitlers own, and they have proven stronger than Hitlers fanatic will and intense energies. But the explosive events during the decade of the 1930’s were not a pure random coincidence. These were manipulated by the opportunist Adolf Hitler. This allowed Hitler to corrupt the German public to his Nazi ideologies that primarily concerned the indoctrination of racism, which provided a basis for Germanys hope to arise from her defeat from the previous world war. Germany was did not meet defeat due to inherent weakness, but due to her resilience to continue fighting for long periods with the world as her enemy. This is a deep reflection of the natural racial superiority among the Aryans (Weinberg 30-32). When he formulated his foreign policy, his concepts can be summarized into this statement: The German people were not defeated during the First World War, the Jewish people and their supporters instead stabbed Germany in the back. This racialist doctrine was very significant as it included a very crucial teaching; it rejected the biblical concept that man is separate from other creatures. This novel form of pagan belief implicated that there should be purity of race which can be achieved through breeding selectively. Through this, he exploited Darwinian concepts and took advantage on the then popular belief of the need for racial hegemony. This preached that such breeding method is essential for progress, to which Germanys foreign policy must be directed to. Eliminating the categorization of people could only be judged through standards of utility instead of morality. This is the basis of the perception that the allegedly alien racial stock, which primarily pertains to the Jews, the Sinti and the Roma, was a danger to the society due to their extensive dispersion and tremendous influence and to the expanse of the progress which their assimilation had made, most especially in terms of the German society. The nightmare of the massacre of approximately six million Jews and five millions others composed of Gypsies, freemasons, Jehovah’s Witnesses, homosexuals and other enemies of the state shook the world and have redefined the extent of human artistic cruelty (Weinberg 32-33). Hitler, as the leader of the Third Reich, was responsible for the outbreak of World War II. Had he not decided to materialize his plans of expanding the territories of Germany for the purpose of lebensraum, or providing space for the racially superior German people and take those lands that belong to racially inferior people, the world would not have met years of infamy and destruction. But this is just one of the reasons. The main objective of Nazi Germany was to dominate the world and to establish an Empire, comparative to that of the Romans, which would last for an entire Millennium (Bullock 625). Hitler promised the people of Germany to become all powerful, that there was a new hope for the German public that the dynamism of National Socialism could be harnessed to their own limited goals. Hitler was a very promising leader who could lead Germany back to strength. Although many opposed his rise to power, as they have recognized clearly the implications of his policies, especially in the field of foreign affairs, he overcame his critics. Before 1933, the millions who pushed Hitler forward and the small clique who installed him in office, by no means constituted the whole population. But there were vast reservoirs of support for the new leader to draw on, and for many years the support only grew stronger instead of waning. The national acceptance of the leadership principle implied the unconditional surrender of the country to the will of a leader who had explained for years what he would do with power when he secured it. Hitler fulfilled his intentions of the wars favoured by his supporters and has been much loyal to the ideologies he preached until the hour of his demise (Weinberg 53). Part of his â€Å"Final Solution to the Jewish Question,† Hitler tasked General Heydrich to meet with other German officials, political and military, in order to set guidelines as how to systematically exterminate the Jews. This is known as the Wannsee Conference. Through this, Hitler ordered the construction of concentration, labour, and extermination camps all over Europe. This is where the Schutzchaffel, the Gestapo, and the Eizantzgruppen disposed the Jews and forced them to be interned into unimaginable living conditions. The most notorious of the camps built during the Nazi occupation of Europe was the Auschwitz-Birkenau camp in Poland. It is the largest of its kind and is most known that once a prisoner enters it, he can never get out alive. This camp did not only send the Jews and other prisoners to their deaths through the gas chambers and intense labour, it experimented on the people in the camps for development of medical treatment. Dr. Mengeles exceptional interests on twins were highly evident as when the camp was liberated, most children that survived the holocaust were identical, physically and genetically. Dwarfs examinations and skeletal scrutiny were also some of the primary subjects of the studies done in these camps. Other forms of experiment included subjects into Siamese twins and even inseminating women with animal sperms. Other relevant experiments concerning warfare included high altitude tolerance, low temperature, and salinity tolerance. These are highly useful for the Lufwaffe, or the German Air Force. For matters concerning first aid, biological warfare, and even immunization, physicians in the camp deliberately injected diseases, exposed prisoners to surgical procedures never tested, and even experimented on wounds usually acquired in battle (Medical Experimentation). Such efforts made by Hitler are very significant in the modern world. It necessitated the world to discover new ways to fight a war, to seek better medical alternatives, and even inventing technologically advance devices. More powerful forms of armaments, tanks, and even aircrafts were primarily developed during the war era. The most notable among them is the dawn of a nuclear era with the race for the invention of the atomic bomb. Today, governments ensure that discrimination is an illegal act, that it would impose sanctions to those who would profile people for their cultural, religious, and even gender orientation. But most of all, because of the holocaust, the Western governments had strengthened their support for the Jews which have led to the establishment of an Israeli state within Palestine. This success of Zionism has impacted the contemporary political situation in West Asia, as this led to years of war between Israeli citizens and their neighbouring Arab nations. Although to other perspectives see that Zionism is providing a people without land with land without people, they cannot deny that it is already occupied by Palestinians who are now evicted from the land of their ancestors (Weinberg 319; Palumbo, Land without a People). The niche of Adolf Hitler in history is quite established and his reputation can possibly be never redeemed. He has waged a war against the world, with Mussolini as his only fully fledged ally, and has in turn sent over 50 million people to their deaths. Hitlers legacy is regarded no longer with admiration and glorification, as his name and the party he had built had become a synonym to the word evil. His doctrines and his actions are now condemned for posterity to remember and never forgive. Although some still hail his name and favour his advocacies and ideologies while other still despise the person that he was, it cannot be denied that he is pivotal for the events that transpired during the mid twentieth century. His role is that he is the driving force, the cause, and the perpetrator of the crimes against humanity that the world has never known (Weinberg 287-290; Adolf Hitler).

Catcher in the Rye: Holdens Relationships Essay -- essays research pap

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout â€Å"The Catcher in the Rye†, Holden Caufield longs for intimacy with other human beings. One of Holden’s main problems is that he sees childhood as the ideal state of being. He thinks that all adults are phonies.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the first relationships that is mentioned in the story, is Holden’s relationship with D.B., his brother. Throughout his childhood, it is obvious that Holden has idolized his older brother. Now that D.B. is a writer for Hollywood, Holden considers him a phony, and accuses him of prostituting himself by agreeing to work for the film industry.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Holden has a close relationship with his younger sister, Phobe. They are total opposites. She has a positive outlook on life, while Holden hates life and figures he’s doomed. Phobe was his â€Å"ray of hope†, and brought him true joy. To Holden, she is young, and hasn’t become phony. He would do anything to protect her and other children away from adulthood, and preserve their childish innocence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At Pencey, Holden meets Robert Ackley. Ackely has horrible hygiene, and does not hide it. Although this is disgusting, Holden has more respect for him than for his roommate, Stradlater. Holden calls Stradlater a â€Å"secret slob†. Stradlater is like many adults, because he tries to hide his imperfections. Holden is the complete opposite, because doesn’t care what people think of him, just as long as he feels go...

Way to Wealth

Evan Harrison EN 209 31 January 2012 The Way to Wealth The Way to Wealth has exceeded not only the expectations of the colonial people for it provides the audience with an abundance of advice based on the themes of work ethic and economics, but also exceeded the expectations of Franklin for he found â€Å"his works respectfully quoted by other learned authors. † Through is works it is evident that Franklin understands â€Å"the way to wealth† is achieved not only through financial habits but also achieved through the self-improvements made in our daily lives.In addition to the ideals of the Almanac, Franklin was most influential through his insights on how to revise one’s self in becoming successful throughout their daily actions. The idea of dedication and persistence stands out most as he states, â€Å"early to bed, and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. † This is one of many statements made that underlines the assertiveness one must o btain to become successful in life. This theme of assertiveness is exemplified once again when Franklin says, â€Å"One today is worth two tomorrows. This quote by Franklin exemplifies the importance of what activities you engage in to better ones self in the present day, for you are not promised tomorrow. But in addition to his advice, Franklin also warns the people of behaviors that obstruct one’s path to wealth. One way Franklin warns the reader is by preaching, â€Å"There are no gains without pains. † This quote serves as a warning to the people that obstacles are common in the pursuit to wealth, as there are obstacles that must be overcome for all things great.The underlying themes of this essay such as: persistence and hard work were the focal point in the defining the way to wealth. Not only the themes but as well as the manner in which Franklin made his work relatable and useful to the common person made him so influential to the colonial people during that t ime period. Through the techniques Franklin has administered, he has provided the colonial people with useful insights in becoming proficient and future authors with useful quotes.

Prejudice in Langston Hughes Novel, Not Without Laughter

Throughout Langston Hughes novel, Not Without Laughter, the author introduces multiple characters that reveal their notions of prejudice. The novel explores that prejudice in one form or another is in every aspect of ones life. Prejudice can be defined as an opinion for or against a persons look, race, class, or religion, which is usually formed by a hasty generalization. Most of the main characters, Aunt Hager, Sister Johnson, Jimboy, Harriet, and Tempy contain different accounts of prejudice in the world, which stimulate many of Sandys thoughts of life as he comes of age. Aunt Hager, Annjee, Harriet, and Sandy, are a multi-generation poor African American family that live in a small home together but are eventually divided by†¦show more content†¦Jimboy has the tendency to run across the country claiming to be looking for work while leaving her daughter and grandson to fend for themselves. Jimboys work ethics are not the only sore subject for Aunt Hager: she also objects t o his looks. She questions his ethnicity when she states, I aint never seen a yaller dude yet that meant a dark woman no good - an Annjee is dark(p.32). She also comments derisively that nobody even knows anything about his parents. She also claims that while he strums the blues on his guitar, he is the devils musicianer (p. 46). However if he plays her some gospel music, shell forget about their disagreements for a moment. Not only does Aunt Hager show prejudice towards Jimboy but also to anyone that lives or frequents the area that is called the Bottoms. The Bottoms are known to be where whites and blacks mingle to drink and an area that is known for prostitution. Later in the story the Bottoms is where her youngest daughter Harriet stays for a short time, since she wants to work and have a good time. Aunt Hager explains having a good time ... aint right, an it aint Christian.... (p. 55). Although Aunt Hager believes some white people are good, Sister Johnson, a neighbor, cant sta nd any white people and tells her story of being forcibly removed from what the whites called Crowville in Vicksburg, Mississippi. She tells the story of how African Americans lived in the town and how they were makingShow MoreRelatedLangston Hughes : The American Dream And Southern Migration With The Reality Of Prejudice2931 Words   |  12 Pages11/4/14 Langston Hughes Themes, Styles, and Techniques Langston Hughes has solidified his place as one of the greatest writers in American Literature to this day. This achievement is due to his thought provoking use of certain styles and techniques to portray his main themes and ideas. Many of Langston Hughes’ themes originated from his personal feelings and experiences. Hughes thus centers his themes around the ups and downs of African Americans living in America during his time. Langston HughesRead MoreThe Influences for Langston Hughes Successful Writing Career979 Words   |  4 PagesAmerican literature and American culture have always been connected throughout our history. Langston Hughes was able to recognize that, â€Å"Man had the inability to bridge cultures† (Bloom 16). In one of his writings, Luani of the Jungles, Langston writes about the interactions in a relationship between a white man and a black woman, â€Å"that is not ruined by outside disapproval, but the man’s own obsession and oversimplifi cation of their racial differences† (16). Hughes’s ability to speak openly aboutRead MoreNot Without Laughter by Langston Hughes1394 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout Langston Hughes novel, Not Without Laughter, the author introduces multiple characters that reveal their notions of prejudice. The novel explores that prejudice in one form or another is in every aspect of ones life. Prejudice can be defined as an opinion for or against a persons look, race, class, or religion, which is usually formed by a hasty generalization. Most of the main characters, Aunt Hager, Sister Johnson, Jimboy, Harriet, and Tempy contain different accounts of prejudice in theRead MoreEssay on The Poetry of Langston Hughes During the Harlem Renaissance1694 Words   |  7 Pagesartistic movement it was. II. Langston Hughes â€Å"I’ve known rivers ancient as the world and older Than the flow of human blood in human veins. My soul has grown deep like the rivers.† â€Å"I’ve Known Rivers†-Langston Hughes James Mercer Langston Hughes, (February 1, 1902 – May 22, 1967) was born in Joplin, Missouri, to James Nathaniel and Caroline Hughes in 1902. Hughes’ parents were of mixed-race, and Langston Hughes was of African American, EuropeanRead More Prejudice in Not Without Laughter by Langston Hughes Essay1750 Words   |  7 Pages Prejudice is a cancer that spreads hate among its perpetrators and victims alike. In 1930 Langston Hughes penned the novel, Not Without Laughter. This powerful story, written from the perspective of an African-American boy named James â€Å"Sandy† Rodgers, begins in the early 1900’s in the small town of Stanton, Kansas. Through the eyes of young Sandy, we see the devastating impact of racism on his family and those they are close to. We also see how the generations of abuse by whites caused a divideRead MoreEssay Art Life of Langston Hughes5893 Words   |  24 Pagesourselves. Racism and prejudices have plagued our society for years. There have been many people using many methods techniques in the fight against racism. One man used his art and the power of words to bring forth the issues of injustice suffered in America, he was Langston Hughes. Langston Hughes was a Negro Writer, born at the turn of the century in 1902, in Joplin, Missouri. His ancestry included three major race groups, however, he lived and was identified as a Negro or Colored (Hughes referred to himselfRead MorePrejudice Is a Cancer1759 Words   |  7 Pages Prejudice is a cancer that spreads hate among its perpetrators and victims alike. In 1930 Langston Hughes penned the novel, Not Without Laughter. This powerful story, written from the perspective of an African-American boy named James â€Å"Sandy† Rodgers, begins in the early 1900’s in the small town of Stanton, Kansas. Through the eyes of young Sandy, we see the devastating impact of racism on his family and those they are close to. We also see how the generat ions of abuse by whites caused aRead MoreLangston Hughes And The Harlem Renaissance1909 Words   |  8 PagesUnited States. Langston Hughes, a prominent poet during the 1920s, helped pave a road for literary innovation. Langston possessed an ability to portray black heritage and pride in a perceptive and vivid manner. His humble upbringings and contributions are what makes his story outstanding, making Langston one of the most influential figures during the Harlem Renaissance. Langston Hughes was born in Joplin, Missouri on February 1,1902. His actual birth name was James Mercer Langston Hughes. He had anRead MoreGwendolyn Brooks As A Poet2100 Words   |  9 Pages Where Brooks grew up and lived the rest of her life there, there Brooks would experience racial prejudice in school. The young poet found comfort in reading and writing, which her parents actively encouraged Brooks’ mother declared to her, that she is going to be a poet. Brooks published her first poem Eventide at age thirteen in American Childhood magazine. At age sixteen, she met Langston Hughes, who gave her words of encouragement after reading her poems at a poetry reading. In 1934, BrooksRead MoreLangston Hughes Research Paper25309 Words   |  102 PagesIn 1919, when Langston Hughes was seventeen years old, he spent the summer with his father, Jim Hughes, in Toluca, Mexico. Langston had not seen his father since he was a small child, and he was excited about making the trip. However, during this visit, no affectionate bond would develop between Langston and Jim. Jim Hughes was a cold, difficult man, who was driven by ambition to make money and achieve respect. He had moved to Mexico to avoid segregation and racial injustice in the United States

The Character Switch Between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth...

At the beginning of the play â€Å"The Tragedy of Macbeth†, Macbeth illuminates a heroic character. Conversely, when the reader is introduced to Lady Macbeth one learns Macbeth may not be the heroic person he may seem. The way Lady Macbeth describes Macbeth it appears as if he is a coward and not as heroic as previously learned in the house. As the play proceeds, Macbeth is no longer a heroic character and Lady Macbeth is not as ruthlessness as she was at the start of the play. In the play, â€Å"The Tragedy of Macbeth,† written by William Shakespeare two of the main characters, Macbeth and Lady Macbeth, experience a role reversal. One example of Macbeths heroism is in Act one, Scene two. Macbeth showed bravery, strength, and ruthlessness on the†¦show more content†¦Therefore, Macbeth begins to display his change from heroism to evil. Soon after, a letter is sent by Macbeth to Lady Macbeth it begins to show Macbeth the reader learns Macbeth may not be as hero ic as he is on the battlefield. The letter that Macbeth writes to Lady Macbeth explained what the witches prophesied to Macbeth. Lady Macbeth comments by saying â€Å" Yet I do I fear thy nature: it is to full of th milk of human kindness to catch the nearest way†(1.5.16-18). Lady Macbeth views Macbeth as a coward and therefore would not kill the king for the throne. In fact, Lady Macbeth is the person who pushes Macbeth to commit the murder of King Duncan in order for her to for her to become queen. Lady Macbeth is the one who plans King Duncans murder. â€Å"When Lady Macbeth enters, though, she uses her cunning rhetoric and persuasive techniques to convince Macbeth of the murders.† (Macbeth-Attitude Changes). Lady Macbeth is strong and likes to get her way. Macbeth continues to demonstrate his lack of heroism because he is Lady Macbeths follower and does whatever she makes him do. Lady Macbeth treats Macbeth as though he was a ring on her finger. Lady Macbeth at fi rst is shown as ruthless and has complete control over Macbeth and makes him do what ever she wants â€Å"Had he not resembled my father as he slept I don it†(2.2.13). This states though she is ruthless she has aShow MoreRelatedMacbeth And Lady Macbeth By William Shakespeare1343 Words   |  6 Pagestragedy, Macbeth, the concept of the every blurry line between good and evil is shown through the two main characters, Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. This husband and wife duo begins the play as polar opposites. Lady Macbeth’s maliciousness and drive is clear to the audience the first time she steps on stage in Act One Scene Five. She continues on with these same characteristics, yet in the middle of the drama, there is a distinct change in her attitude and overall role as Macbeth’s wife. This switch in LadyRead MoreEssay on Role Reversal in William Shakespeare’s Play Macbeth1258 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s play Macbeth has a few main themes , one of which is role reversal. Macbeth is portrayed as a strong, fierce, and trustworthy soldier. At this stage in the story he had a conscience, and had a boundary between good and bad. However, Lady Macbeth is depicted as a devious and an extreme organizer, without a good sense of what is right and wrong. She would do anything in order to obtain supreme authority. Gradually they both change their views of power, treatment of one anotherRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare1502 Words   |  7 Pagestold to Macbeth by witches, the path for his future changes. But is the following chain of events caused by the premonitions of the witches or by Macbeth’s own free will? Title and Author: Macbeth written by William Shakespeare Brief Summary: Driven by and ambition to become and remain King of Scotland, Macbeth goes out of his way committing terrible deeds in order to fulfill his ambition. After the first and second out of three prophecies, told to Macbeth by witches comes true, Macbeth entrustsRead MoreBlood Imagery in Macbeth Essay1451 Words   |  6 PagesMacbeth is the ultimate story of a fight between the forces of good and evil. It tells the tale of a tragic hero whose quest for power leads to his ultimate downfall. Macbeth starts out as an honorable warrior but changes when his ambition becomes uncontrollable. As he becomes increasingly paranoid, Macbeth uses violent means to eliminate threats to his Scottish throne. As the play progresses, blood continuously plays a part in the events as the murders become more frequent. William ShakespeareRead MoreDramatic Irony on Macbeth Essay1221 Words   |  5 PagesDramatic Irony in Macbeth Introduction: William Shakespeare effectively uses dramatic irony to intrigue the reader and deepen the impact of the consequences Macbeth ultimately faces. Dramatic Irony Definition: Dramatic Irony is a literary term that defines a situation in the play where the reader knows more than the character does. Thesis: Throughout the play Macbeth, the reader is given the advantage of knowing more things than the characters in the play through the literary device, dramaticRead MoreTheme Of Blood In Macbeth1200 Words   |  5 Pagesallusions†¦ distortions; these all reveal a bigger picture in Macbeth. Image patterns. Gender Inversion, fertility, sleep, sensory denial, all of these patterns are depicted in the Shakespeare’s unsurpassed Macbeth. However, there is one pattern that marks the mind more than the others. Blood. A pattern seen in multiple instances in the play, but has a deep-seated meaning with Macbeth and his troubles. Shakespeare uses blood as the main image in Macbeth to reveal the forever impending and mucilaginous powerRead MoreThe Gender Roles Of William Shakespeare s The Tragedy Of Macbeth 989 Words   |  4 PagesThe gender roles in William Shakespeare’s, The Tragedy of Macbeth are made clear from the very first act. Masculinity is associated with stren gth, bravery, ruthlessness and apathy while femininity is usually coupled with docility, fragility and reliance. Gender, and the behavior expected from each, is a constant motif that reappears throughout the play. The instances that appear in the play reveal that the characters are expected to act according to their gender and limit their emotions and the wayRead MoreShakespeares Monk981 Words   |  4 PagesShakespeare’s work Measure for Measure. The story of Measure for Measure centers on Lord Angelo, who is given control of Vienna. Angelo is strict, moralistic, and unwavering in his decision-making. One can easily see the parallels between Angelo and the main Character of The Monk, Ambrosio. Just like Lord Angelo, Ambrosio is a powerful man who is both didactic and steadfast when it comes to upholding the laws of the Church. In Measure by Measure Angelo takes it upon himself to rid the city of unlawfulRead MoreEssay on Macbeth Reverse Gender Roles758 Words   |  4 Pagesphysical strength is portrayed as being strong and brave at superior and horrific times, yet through literature like Shakespeare’s Macbeth, it shows that they can end up weak. There are many times in William Shakespeare’s play, Macbeth, where the acts of â€Å"reverse-gender roles† are being detected in terms of what the stereotype states, between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. This tragic play is a perfect example that in life it does not matter of what gender a person is, but what matters the most is whatRead MoreEssay Macbeth Relationship Analysis1185 Words   |  5 Pages MACBETH RELATIONSHIP ANALYSIS I found the relationship between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth very interesting in the play. In Act I they are completely devoted to each other. Love, respect and trust are the contents of their relationship. The trust in the relationship is revealed right at the beginning when Macbeth sends his wife a letter telling her about the witches and the predictions amp;#8220;This have I thought good to deliver to thee, my dearest partner of greatness, that thee mightst not lose

How Public Education Affects All People - 870 Words

When it comes to the American public education, we are faced with several difficulties that effects everyone. It all depends on how a person views the education concerns. Everyone wants to solve America’s education issues and it’s essential that we focus on the right things to move forward and offer better opportunities. It’s important that we first focus on how public education impacts all people. It can’t just be what people believe to be true but how it has actually affected their learning and life. In American public education, it aims to help all students achieve the required knowledge of basic subjects such as math, science, reading, and other subjects needed. Students in public schools don’t always get the proper amount of education due to the lack of useful teaching in the classroom. Teachers are told to teach certain lessons and get students ready for certain tests. Not all students want to study for standardized test and will stop caring about school all together. Teachers can only do so much to help a student that isn’t willing to learn. I know from past experiences that my teachers would not pay attention to kids that gave up and wouldn’t take their help. Teachers could be acting this way because they can’t impact their students in a way that is beneficial, only by what the system tells them to do. Another reason could be school funding and how it is affecting their teaching and if the students are actually learning from the useless information. These issuesShow MoreRelatedKey Legislation Governing Special Education819 Words   |  4 PagesKey Legislation Governing Special Education The three key legislations governing special education that affect special education are the Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA), Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, and Americans with Disabilities Act. These legislations work together to protect people with disabilities. The Individuals with Disabilities Act is a federal law that protects the educational rights of children with disabilities. Within The Individuals with Disabilities ActRead MorePoverty Can Be Defined As The State Of Being Poor1493 Words   |  6 Pagesshelter, clothing, and education. In America, poverty affects millions of people with a poverty rate of almost 15%. Poverty is an important social problem to address because it affects everyone in a society either directly or indirectly. Those that are affected directly are about 47 million people with a majority of those being in certain groups that are at a higher risks of living in poverty such as families with children, single parents, certain ethni c minorities, or people with disabilities, howeverRead MoreThe Education System and Family Life Essay1016 Words   |  5 PagesEducation is a social problem that is very prominent in the world today. Education affects not only children currently attending school, but what they do when they are older. It affects where someone may end up later in their life, what job they will have, and how much money they will be making. Unfortunately, not everyone graduates high school, goes to college, and earns a high paying job. The cards some people are dealt can be much different, and education today arises as a social problem becauseRead MorePublic Safety Protection Act Of 20121330 Words   |  6 Pagesand Local Public Safety Protection Act of 2012† would add Section 36 to Article XIII of the California Constitution. Proposition 30 increases personal income taxes for seven years for California residents with an annual income over $250,000 and sales taxes by .25 % for four years. 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Effectiveness of promotional schemes free essay sample

This study is based on the effectiveness of promotional schemes. The study was conducted in various parts of Mumbai with a sample size of 25 people. The project was mainly concentrated on the promotional schemes of Big Bazaar. Questionnaires were prepared with respect to the Big Bazaars promotional schemes. The study had many constraints as it is a very vast topic and it’s difficult to find out the overall interest of the customers due to time constraints and money. The respondents were eminent personalities and business people which I had targeted the most. This is done because most of the middle class and lower class people always look for the promotional offers. But the upper class people normally do not bother so much. So this study was to find out the acceptance of the promotional schemes with respect to the upper class people also. The study was difficult because of my target respondent due to their time constraint and the availability of the permission to do the research work. So I express my gratitude towards all the people who had helped me in completing my project INTRODUCTION One of the most difficult marketing decisions facing by the companies is how much to be spending on promotional activities. John Wanamaker, the departmental store magazine, said, I know that half of my advertising is wasted but I dont know which half. Thus it is not surprising that industries and companies vary considerably in how much they spend on promotions. Promotional expenditures might amount to 30-50% of sales in case of cosmetics industry and only 10-20% in the industrial equipment industry. Within the industry, low and high spending companies can be found. Promotion is one of the market mix elements, and a term used frequently in marketing. A promotional plan can have a wide range of objectives, including: sales increases, new product acceptance, creation of brand equity, positioning, competitive retaliations, or creation of a corporate image. The term promotion is usually an in expression used internally by the marketing company, but not normally to the public or the market phrases like special offer are more common. An example of a fully integrated, long-term, large-scale promotion is My Coke Rewards and Pepsi Stuff. The UK version of My Coke Rewards is Coke Zone. TYPES OF PROMOTIONAL MIX These are the types of promotional plans or mix which are mainly used. 1) Personal Selling 2) Advertising 3) Sales Promotion 4) Direct Marketing 5) Publicity Meaning of Promotion The term promotion is the term and includes mainly three type of sales activity: 1. Mass impersonal selling methods (Advertising). 2. Face to face personal selling (Salesman ship). 3. Activities other than personal selling and advertising such as point of purchase display (P. O. P. ) show and exhibitions, demonstrations and other non-securing selling efforts. This form of activity is called ‘Sales Promotion’ There are two types of promotion blends:- 1. Pull Blend. 2. Push Blend. Both of these are closely related to the channel of Distribution. 1. A pull blend is one in which mass impersonal, sales efforts are given the greatest emphasis. The purposes of pull blend is to pre-sell to the final consumers so that they demand the product at the retail level of distribution. The firm adopting this strategy would spend more on advertising and sales promotion rather than in personal selling. These efforts pull down the product from the manufacturer. 2. A push blend emphasizes personal selling. Naturally firms adopting this method develop a strong sales force at both the distributor and the dealer level. This method would tend to push the product through the channel of distribution. The Importance of Promotional Marketing Strategies Owners of small and medium-sized businesses need to be keenly aware of the importance of promotional and marketing strategies. Promotional and marketing strategies help your organization utilize the skills of your employees and stakeholders and can help you develop creative approaches to sales and customer service. The Marketing Plan Promotional and marketing strategies are often first brainstormed and written as part of an organizations marketing plan. If your small business doesnt have a marketing plan, you should seriously consider developing one. Most marketing plans include the current or expected strategies you have for your products, the price points of those products, how you intend to distribute the products, and your advertising and marketing tools. A marketing plan is also important for developing a promotional strategy as it helps your business identify its target markets and to set measurable goals. It is vital to the success of the organization that you implement a marketing plan that aims for growth and positive change in the bottom line. Understanding Your Clients Promotional and marketing strategies can also assist your business in understanding and connecting with clients and customers. If your marketing plan is loosely structured, you might not have much success at targeting products to the right demographics. Having a solid and well-thought-out marketing plan can help you identify gaps in the marketplace and provide feasible solutions for your clients. If you operate an ice cream business in a neighborhood where no other ice cream shops exist, it might be easier to attract clients than in a town where there are other ice cream options. In this case, understanding that your clients want sprinkles and waffle cones might help you sell more ice cream and keep your customers coming back for more. Developing Financial Goals Promotional and marketing strategies are also important for guiding your business into the development of financial goals. Financial goals are two-fold: They are related to your sales targets and also to your expenses budget. Sales targets are initially set as part of the marketing plan but might change over time according to changing market conditions, increases in product price, or increases or decreases in consumer demand. Monitoring expenses is also part of financial goal development. If your business tends to spend more than it brings in, youll have a serious problem maintaining long-term business viability. However, if the business is able to closely monitor its outflows, only spending what it absolutely needs to, youll be better equipped to increase the profit margins. Strategic Planning Another important aspect of promotional and marketing strategies involves strategic planning. Strategic planning is a concept that encompasses marketing, promotion, sales, and financial goals and is essentially about developing goals for your business. Having a strategic plan for your business means having plans in place to deal with both expected and unexpected situations. If you know that your mortgage will balloon by 5 percent next year, a strategic plan will outline how youll increase sales or decrease expenses to meet this additional outflow. A strategic plan might also include solutions to what-if scenarios. This means having a plan B for months when profits are down or expenses are unusually high. Sales and promotional strategies are important here because they allow you to ramp up marketing and to increase the bottom line without sacrificing efficiencies or service. Objectives of Promotional Strategies Small companies use promotional strategies to achieve many objectives. These objectives may be short- or long-term in nature. Marketing and advertising directors or managers are usually responsible for implementing company promotional strategies. They may use distribution tactics to push products at retail stores, or pull tactics aimed at drawing consumer to their outlets. Whatever the case, promotions can include advertising, direct mail, billboards, trade shows and even in-store promotions. Dispensing Product Information One promotional strategy objective is dispensing product information. Small companies often distribute brochures, catalogs, sales letters, videos and other information to market their products. They also use in-store videos or instructions to demonstrate more complicated products such as computer software, vehicles or educational courses, for example. Businesses also distribute promotional materials with their websites so people can view literature or online videos at their leisure. Consumers need information to assess various products and make purchase decisions. Advertisers use product information to educate consumers on various product features and benefits. Increasing Customer Traffic Some promotions are used to generate more customer traffic. For example, fast food restaurants often feature certain meals at reduced prices. These meals may be advertised in commercials to drive people into the fast food restaurants for lunch or dinner. Businesses may also reward regular customers with frequency card or loyalty programs. These promotions are designed to increase customer visits by rewarding them according to their expenditures. For example, a barber shop may offer customers a free haircut on the seventh visit. A company typically earns a large percentage of its sales from repeat business. Building Brand Awareness Small companies usually implement promotional strategies to increase brand awareness. Brand awareness is the percentage of people who recognize a brand from a specific company, according to marketing expert Dave Dolak. It is a metric that is relative to other competitive companies. In other words, companies strive to build brand awareness so their products are chosen over other brands. Brand awareness usually increases over time through repeat advertising and other key promotions. Increasing Sales and Profits Companies primarily promote their products to drive sales and profits. They may use product sales, coupons and bogo or buy-one/get one free offers to increase sales short-term. But they will need to emphasize product quality and customer service in their messages to increase long-term sales and profits. Businesses usually have specific attributes or core competencies that set themselves apart from competitors. To be successful, the images marketers wish to portray must be commensurate with actual company operations. The Advantages of Marketing Promotional Strategies Promotion places the employees in a position where an employees skills and knowledge can be better utilized. It creates and increases the interest of other employees in the company as they believe that they will also get their turn. It creates among employees a feeling of content with the existing conditions of work and employment. It increases interest in acquiring higher qualifications, in training and in self-development with a view to meet the requirements of promotion. Promotion improves employee morale and job satisfaction. Ultimately it improves organizational health it creates awareness of the existence of the product or service offered. It can provide customers with information about the product that may be useful to them, and therefore produces an incentive for them to buy your product, or use your service. It also helps increase the market share. The Disadvantages of Marketing Promotional Strategies Marketing promotions might jeopardize short-term revenues, but the goal is to improve long-term profits. For example, a promotional effort might convince people to try your product or service for the first time. If they like what your business offers, they’ll keep coming back after the promotion ends. But even tried-and-true marketing and promotional strategies can backfire, so monitor each campaign carefully to minimize your risk. Failure An obvious disadvantage to a promotional strategy is its potential for failure. For example, you could invest time and money designing and advertising a sale, and sacrifice normal profits during the promotion, only to achieve moderate results. Worse, your long-term benefits might not offset the costs of the promotion. Careful research and expert advice from a marketing consultant can help maximize your chances for success, but nothing’s guaranteed. Decreased Value The longer a sales promotion lasts, the more likely you will decrease the perceived value of your product or service. For example, if a restaurant offers a steep discount for children’s meals to attract families, parents might balk at paying more after they get used to the low prices. Keep promotions short to prevent long-term damage to your overall pricing strategy. Predictability If your promotions occur in a predictable pattern, potential customers might wait for a sale rather than buy the product or service at full price now. For example, if a retail clothing store offers a sizable discount on most holidays, sales will be low between holidays, and relatively few customers will ever pay full price. Bargain Hunters New customers might learn to love your product or service and become long-term clients. Or they might abandon you as soon as the promotion is over and continue to hunt for bargains. Converting bargain hunters to permanent customers depends on developing brand loyalty. For example, if your excellent customer service or high-quality products impress them, they are more likely to stay with you after prices return to normal levels. Celebrity Endorsements The benefit of using celebrities to endorse your brand is you can capitalize on the goodwill they elicit from the public. The disadvantage is your brand identity is vulnerable to their public relations problems. Research celebrities carefully to increase the chances their public images will always be worth your investment. NATURE OF PROMOTION PRICE PROMOTIONS-NON-PRICE PROMOTIONS OFFER DEFINITION OFFER DEFINITION Price off offers a discount to the normal selling price of a product Extra product offers an increased quantity of the product without an increase in normal retail price Coupon offers a certificate that provides a price reduction at point of purchase Premium offers a free gift in addition to the main purchase Rebate offers cash back from the manufacturer on a purchase Contest provides a chance to win a large prize through skill Discount Offers the customers a certain percentage of discount Sweepstake provides a chance to win a large prize based on chance SALES PROMOTION Sales promotion includes several communications activities that attempt to provide added value or incentives to consumers, wholesalers, retailers, or other organizational customers to stimulate immediate sales. These efforts can attempt to stimulate product interest, trial, or purchase. Techniques or devices used in sales promotion include:– Coupon Prize Promotion Bundling Price Down Free Sample Premium Bonus packs Various promotional schemes are distributed in the following manner also Consumer-promotion tools Sales-promotion tools Business-promotion tools THE CHALLENGE OF CONDUCTING EFFECTIVE PROMOTIONS Promotions are fact of life and a common currency in FMCG. Many would argue that consumers now have a basic expectation that much of what they buy, from groceries to lifestyle goods, will be subject to a promotional offer at some point or other. In the current economic downturn, the consumer expectation of valuable promotions has been increased as they expect retailers and manufacturers to share their pain. The current squeeze is a perfect storm of cost and demand drivers in a combination not seen before and it is causing consumers to consider affordability above all else in their purchasing decisions. Intense competition has driven the increased use of promotion mechanics over the last twenty years. Typically, in western economies, FMCG manufacturers have tended to invest around 15-25% of their total marketing budget in promotions. Recent history and current events suggests this spending will be seen to increase further, as Consumption slows, in order to sustain sales levels. Consumer expectation is further enforced by newer transactional vehicles, such as the internet, where additional discounts have been offered against high street store prices by vendors keen to increase sales volumes whilst reducing infrastructure and distribution costs. This combined with the provision of price comparison web sites by third parties such as mysupermarket. com and by retailers themselves (Tesco, Asda etc) further increases the marketers’ challenge from the well informed consumer Customer. It is highly unlikely that we will see the demise of promotions in the foreseeable future. The whole philosophy is too deeply entrenched in the retailers’ competitive arsenal and the practice is likely to increase markedly, with the greater burden of the cost falling on the Major brand manufacturers. Driven by category competition, retailer and consumer pressure and the increasing popularity of own brand and budget lines, CPG manufacturers will need to drive even more innovative promotions to protect market share and brand value. By the same token, retailers will need to balance short term gains on volume sales on own brand and economy lines, against the longer term impact on the profitability to them of established brands. All of these challenges have to be addressed in an environment where many organizations have reacted to events by implementing restructuring and cost reduction activities, thus putting additional pressure on finite resources. BIG BAZAAR Type Public Industry Retailing Founded 2001 Headquarters Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Products Hypermarket Revenue 11000 crore (US$1. 7 billion) crores (in 2012) (Big Bazaar and Food Bazaar combined) Employees ~ 36000 people Parent Future Group Divisions ~ 214 Website http://www. pantaloonretail. in/businesses/big-bazaar. html EXAMPLE OF PROMOTIONAL SCHEMES BY BIG BAZAR Research Methodology Data Collection:- There are two main sources for collecting data. These are :- 1. Primary Data. 2. Secondary Data. 1. Primary Data: It is the data that is collected for the first time. It is fresh and the originally collected by the surveyor. In this Project Sales Promotion Schemes, I contacted 25 customers situated on the various parts of Mumbai nearby areas. The response was collected personally by me through a structural questionnaire, consisting of 18 questions. 2. Secondary Data: Secondary data is the one which is collected by the someone else and already used in some or the other form. Here the secondary data used was the theoretical aspects of promotional tools and the statistical method made use of. Sample:- A sample of 25 customers was chosen from Mumbai nearby areas. It was a non-probability sample. Limitation:- Due to time and money constrains the present study was confined only to a sample of 25 customers and that too of Mumbai nearby areas. SEARCH FINDINGS The findings of the effectiveness of promotional schemes are 1) People frequently go to Big Bazaar 2) The reason for the visit is due to the promotion offers and the location of the store 3) People come to know about Big Bazaar is through advertisements 4) Advertisement of the Big Bazaar is very attractive 5) The quality of the product of big bazaar is satisfactory only 6) Big Bazaar’s advertisements are attractive 7) The feeling is very great while shopping in Big Bazaar 8) The presentation is only average in Big Bazaar 9) The arrangement is only average in Big Bazaar 10) Pricing is clearly visible 11) Offers are also clearly visible 12) Range of products is also good 13) Offers are clearly displayed and informed in an appropriate manner 14) Discounts on the product are the main attractiveness 15) Customer service is average at Big Bazaar 16) Its easy to shop in Big Bazaar 17) The main attractiveness is the promotional offers 18) Shopping experience is excellent CONCLUSION We have already moved beyond established norms and sensitivities of our markets and shoppers to a completely different situation, therefore Detailed and up-to-date understanding of an increasingly difficult market place is critical to success. It is vital to know which shoppers represent the biggest risks (and opportunities! ) to brands. There is a need to balance response to short term pressures versus longer term brand objectives Where do you want your brand to be when things improve? More than ever, excellence in day-to-day business management is key – the need to maximize every shopper interaction is greater than ever through; New Product Development Merchandising In-store execution Promotions Media So to conclude Promotional schemes caters all segments of the people. So the growth of business is interlinked with the quality and promotional offers. QUESTIONNAIRE Name: Age: 18-30 ? 30-40 ? Above 40 ? Profession: Income: 3000-5000 ? 5000-7500 ? 7500-10000 ? 10000-15000 ? Above 15000 ? Q1. Do you frequently visit Big Bazaar? a. Yes b. No Q2. Reason for your visit? a. Promotional Offers b. Discount Offers c. Range of Items d. Location of the Store e. Others Q3. How do you come to know about Big Bazaar? a. Through Advertisement b. Through Friends Relatives c. Through Hoardings / Newspaper d. Other Medium Q4. Rate the Attractiveness of the advertisement of Big Bazaar? a. Very Attractive b. Less Attractive c. Not at All Attractive Q5. Rate the quality of item as per the advertisement of Big Bazaar? a. Highly Satisfactory b. Satisfactory c. Averagely Satisfactory d. Dissatisfactory e. Highly Dissatisfactory Q6. Does the advertisement of Big Bazaar attract you to purchase items from Big Bazaar? a. Yes b. No Q7. How do you feel while shopping in Big Bazaar? a. Great b. Good c. Not satisfied with the arrangement of products d. Not satisfied with the promotional offers available in the store e. Not satisfied with the range of products Q8. How do you rate the presentation of products in Big Bazaar? a. Good b. Average c. Poor Q9 How do you rate the arrangement of Products in Big Bazaar? a. Good b. Average c. Poor Q10 Is the pricing Clearly written on the Shelf? a. Yes b. No Q11 Do you think Offers are clearly presented through Displays in Big Bazaar? a. Yes b. No Q12. How do you rate the range of Products in Big Bazaar? a. Good b. Average c. Poor Q13. Do the Displays and Promotional offers informed in the store attract you? a. Yes b. No Q14. Which type of promotional activities attracts customers? a. Discounts b. Extra Offer c. 1+1 Offer d. Advertisements Q15. How do you rate the customer service of the company? a. Good b. Average c. Poor Q16. Do you think due to displays it is easy to shop in Big Bazaar? a. Yes b. No Q17. Does the Sales Promotion activities of Big Bazaar made you to visit Big Bazaar again? a. Yes b. No Q18. Your overall shopping Experience due to offers and discounts in Big Bazaar? a. Good b. Average c. Poor BIBILIOGRAPHY MEDIUM SOURCE MARKETING RESEARCH (BOOK) DONALDS TULL PERIODICALS FINANCIAL EXPRESS, BOMBAY MAGAZINE THE WEEK NEWSPAPER TIMES OF INDIA INTERNET GOOGLE ANNEXURE Visiting Cards